集美麻豆

Sains Malaysiana 50(6)(2021): 1775-1786

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5006-23

Pembentukan Fasa dan Suhu Genting Superkonduktor (Tl_0.5Pb_0.5)Sr₂Ca(Cu_2-xCr_x)O_7-δ (x = 0 - 0.100)

(Phase Formation and Critical Temperature of (Tl_0.5Pb_0.5)Sr₂Ca(Cu_2-xCr_x)O_7-δ (x = 0 to 0.100) Superconductor)

E. YUSRIANTO¹, A.N. JANNAH² & R. ABD-SHUKOR¹*

¹Department of Applied Physics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 集美麻豆 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Negeri Sembilan Branch, Kuala Pilah Campus, 72000 Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Received: 13 September 2020/Accepted: 23 October 2020

ABSTRAK

Superkonduktor fasa (Tl_0.5Pb_0.5)Sr₂Ca(Cu_2-xCr_x)O_7-δ (Tl-1212) bagi x = 0 hingga 0.100 telah disediakan menggunakan kaedah tindak balas keadaan pepejal. Tujuan kajian ini ialah menentukan suhu optimum untuk pembentukan fasa Tl-1212 dengan komposisi ini.  Sampel telah disediakan dalam aliran gas oksigen dalam tiga suhu berlainan iaitu 850 °C dalam kerajang perak selama 5 jam dan 950 °C dan 1000 °C selama 4 min. Bahan telah diciri menggunakan kaedah pembelauan sinar-X untuk mengenal pasti fasa dan pengukuran rintangan elektrik (R) untuk menentukan suhu genting. Sampel yang dipanaskan pada 950 °C menunjukkan pecahan isi padu fasa Tl-1212 yang tertinggi (94% bagi x = 0). Sampel yang dipanaskan pada 1000 °C menunjukkan suhu genting yang tertinggi dengan x = 0.100 menunjukkan suhu genting mula, T_{c mula} tertinggi iaitu 102 K. Terbitan rintangan melawan suhu (T), dR/dT menunjukkan sampel yang dipanaskan pada 1000 °C (x = 0.015 - 0.100) mempunyai puncak yang hampir sama iaitu T_p1 = T_p2. Ini menunjukkan suhu kesuperkonduksian intrabutiran (T_p1) dan antara butiran (T_p2) berlaku adalah sama. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan suhu pemanasan 950 °C adalah suhu optimum untuk pembentukan fasa Tl-1212 sementara 1000 °C adalah suhu optimum untuk mendapatkan suhu genting tertinggi.

Kata kunci: Pembelauan sinar-X;  pembentukan fasa; rintangan elektrik; suhu pemanasan

ABSTRACT

The (Tl_0.5Pb_0.5)Sr₂Ca(Cu_2-xCr_x)O_7-δ (Tl-1212) phase with x = 0 to 0.100 was prepared using the solid state reaction method. The objective of this work was to determine the optimum temperature for the formation of the Tl-1212 phase with the above composition.  The samples were heated in oxygen flow with three different temperatures of 850 °C in silver foil for 5 h, and 950 °C and 1000 °C for 4 min. The materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction methods to identify phase and electrical resistance (R) measurements to the determine critical temperature. Samples heated at 950 °C showed the highest Tl-1212 phase volume fraction (94 % for x = 0). The samples heated at 1000 °C showed the highest critical temperature with x = 0.100 exhibited the highest onset critical temperature, T_{c onset} of 102 K.  The derivative of resistance with respect to temperature (T), dR/dT of the samples heated at 1000 °C (x = 0.015 - 0.100) showed almost the same peak temperature where T_p1 = T_p2. This indicated that superconductivity for intragrain (T_p1) and between grains (T_p2) occurred at the same temperature. These results showed that 950 °C was the optimum temperature for the formation of the Tl-1212 phase and heat treatment at 1000 °C showed the highest critical temperature.

Keywords: Electrical resistance; heating temperature; phase formation; X-ray diffraction

REFERENCES

Abd-Shukor, R. & Azah Nik Jaafar, A. 1999. Formation and superconductivity of Pr and Nd-substituted Tl-1212 phase Tl_0.85Cr_0.15Sr₂CaCu₂O₇. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 10(9): 677-681.

Akimov, A.I., Ksenofontov, V., Lebedev, S.A. & Tkachenka, T.M. 2006. Effect of fluorine and cerium substitutions on the properties of the Tl₂Ba₂CaCu_{1. 98}Fe_0.02O₈ superconductor. Physica C: Superconductivity 443(1-2): 29-32.

Al-Sharabi, A. & Abd-Shukor, R. 2013. Formation of (Tl_1-xCr_x)Sr₂CaCu₂O_7-d (Tl-1212) superconducting phase using Cr₂S₃. International Journal of Electrochemical Science 8: 7825-7830.

Bakar, I.P.A., Muhammad-Aizat, K., Nur-Akasyah, J., Mohd-Syahmi, M. S., Suib, N.R.M., Chiu, W.S. & Abd-Shukor, R. 2019. AC susceptibility and electrical properties of rare-earth- and alkali metal-substituted (Tl_0.7M_0.3)Sr₂CaCu₂O₇ with M = Er, Gd, La, Na, K and Rb. Applied Physics A 125(1): 21.

Elmasroub, H.S. & Abd-Shukor, R. 2017. Superconducting properties of (Tl_1-xPb_x) Sr₂CaCu₂O_7-d (x = 0.1 – 0.7) prepared using nano-sized PbO. In AIP Conference Proceedings. AIP Publishing LLC. 1838(1): 020014.

Gerashchenko, A.P., Verkhovskii, S.V., Mikhalev, K.N., Piskunov, Y.V. & Anan'ev, A.V. 1998. Effect of doping on the behavior of spin susceptibility of copper-oxygen layers in Tl₂Ba₂CaCu₂O_8-d. Physics of Metals and Metallography 86(1): 43-50.

Hamadneh, I., Kuan, Y.W., Hui, L.T. & Abd-Shukor, R. 2006. Formation of Tl_{0. 85}Cr_{0. 15}Sr₂CaCu₂O _7−Δ superconductor from ultrafine co-precipitated powders. Materials Letters 60(6): 734-736.

Hassan, B., Alnakhlani, A., Muhammad, A. & Al-Hajji, M.A. 2016. Influence of KMnO₄ substitution on the structural and transport properties of Tl₂Ba₂Ca(Cu_1-xR_x)₂O_d+6 system. Journal of Physical Science 27(3): 13-24.

Hussain, S., Ali, J., Khan, N.A. & Raza, K.A. 2020. Effect of Cd intercalation on the superconducting properties of (Cu_0.5-yK_yTl_0.5)Ba₂Ca₂Cu_3-xCd_xO_10-δ (y = 0, 0.25; x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0) superconductors. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 817: 152697.

Ibrahim, N., Yusof, M.M. & Salleh, F.M. 2009. Synthesis of Tl_{0. 85}Cr_0.15Sr₂CaCu₂O_7-d superconductor from coprecipitation Tl-free precursor. Solid State Science and Technolology 17: 148-154.

Ji, L., Gao, X., Ge, D., Xie, W., Wang, P., Zhao, X., Wang, Z., He, M., Zhang, X. & Li, W. 2012. The influence of CeO₂ nano-dots decoration on substrates on flux pinning strength in Tl₂Ba₂CaCu₂O₈ thin films. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 23(3): 8001505.

Ledésert, M., Maignan, A., Chardon, J., Martin, C., Labbé, P., Hervieu, M. & Raveau, B. 1994. (Tl,Bi)Sr₂CaCu₂O₇ “1212” superconducting single crystal a structural and magnetic study. Physica C: Superconductivity 232(3-4): 387-395.

Li, S. & Greenblatt, M. 1989. Preparation and superconducting properties of (Tl,Bi) Sr₂CaCu₂O_y. Physica C: Superconductivity 157(2): 365-369.

Li, Y.F., Chmaissem, O. & Sheng, Z.Z. 1995. Crystal structure and T_c of 1212-type cuprate (Tl, Cr)Sr₂(Ca,Tl)Cu₂O₇. Physica C: Superconductivity 248(1-2): 42-48.

Martin, C., Provost, J., Bourgault, D., Domengès, B., Michel, C., Hervieu, M. & Raveau, B. 1989. Structural peculiarities of the “1212” superconductor Tl_0.5Pb_0.5Sr₂CaCu₂O₇. Physica C: Superconductivity 157(3): 460-468.

Muhammad-Aizat, K. & Abd-Shukor, R. 2018. Electrical properties and ac susceptibility of CdTe added Tl₂Ba₂CaCu₂O_8-d  superconductor. Sains Malaysiana 47(7): 1579-1583.

Mumtaz, M., Ali, L., Azeem, S., Ullah, S., Hussain, G., Rabbani, M.W., Jabbar, A. & Nadeem, K. 2016. Dielectric properties of (Zn)_x/CuTl-1223 nanoparticle-superconductor composites. Journal of Advanced Ceramics 5(2): 159-166.

Ranjbar, M.G. & Abd-Shukor, R. 2014. Formation of Tl-1223 phase in Cr substituted (Tl _{1− x}Cr_x)Ba₂Ca₂Cu₃O _9−Δ (x = 0.3 to 0.9) superconductor. Ceramics International 40(9): 13869-13872.

Sahoo, M. & Behera, D. 2013. SCOPF analysis of YBa₂Cu₃O _{7− δ} +xCr₂O₃ superconductor composite. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 74(7): 950-956.

Sheng, Z.Z., Gu, D.X., Xin, Y., Pederson, D.O., Finger, L.W., Hadidiacos, C.G. & Hazen, R.M. 1991. A new 1212-type phase: Cr-substituted TlSr₂CaCu₂O₇ with T_c up to about 110 K. Modern Physics Letters B 5(9): 635-642.

Subramanian, M.A., Torardi, C.C., Gopalakrishnan, J., Gai, P.L., Calabrese, J.C., Askew, T.R., Flippen, R.B. & Sleight, A.W. 1988. Bulk superconductivity up to 122 K in the Tl-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system. Science 242(4876): 249-252.

Wahlbeck, P.G., Peterson, D.E., Willis, J.O., Peterson, E.J., Coulter, J.Y., Phillips, D.S. & Salazar, K.V. 1996. Characterization of superconducting (Tl,Bi)Sr₂CaCu₂O_y. Physica C: Superconductivity 256(3-4): 358-364.

*Corresponding author; email: ras@ukm.edu.my