Specs:
• Resolution: up to 120,000 FWHM
• Mass accuracy: < 1 ppm
• Mass range: m/z 40–3000
• Scan speed: up to ~22 Hz
• High sensitivity (trace-level detection)
• Polarity switching: fast & efficient
• Dynamic range: > 5,000:1
• MS/MS capability for structural elucidation

Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) using the Thermo Fisher Scientific Orbitrap Exploris™ 120 is an advanced analytical technique employed to separate, identify, and quantify compounds within complex mixtures. The system integrates high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for efficient separation with Orbitrap-based mass spectrometry for high-resolution detection. In this process, the sample is introduced into a flowing liquid mobile phase and passed through a chromatographic column, where individual components are separated based on their interactions with the stationary phase.

As the separated compounds elute from the column, they are ionized and transferred into the mass spectrometer, where the Orbitrap analyzer measures their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios with high resolution and exceptional mass accuracy. This enables precise identification and reliable quantification of analytes, even at low concentrations. The retention time obtained from the chromatographic separation, together with accurate mass measurements and fragmentation data, provides comprehensive analytical information. This technique is widely applied in pharmaceutical research, environmental monitoring, and food safety analysis due to its sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility.

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An alternative to classic purification techniques such as preparative HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) or Flash Chromatography.

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A separation technique which uses high electric field to
produce electro osmotic flow for separation of ions.
For charged substances like ions, small basic or acidic drugs
and typical biomolecules, CE is an ideal tool for analysis:
• Separation based on compound mobility (mass/charge) in
an electrical field
• High resolution separations (often > 100,000 plates)
• Fast separation (few minutes)
• Smallest sample volumes (nL Injections)
• Less sample prep required (no stationary phase, just an
open glass tube)
• Orthogonal technique complementing HPLC
• Low consumption of sample and aqueous buffer

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Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is an analytical technique that can be used to measure elements at trace levels in biological fluids.

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a type of mass spectrometry that uses inductively coupled plasma to ionize samples. It atomized the sample and produces atomic and small polyatomic ions, which will then be detected by detector. It is known and used for its ability to detect the presence of metals and some non -metallic elements in liquid samples at very low concentrations. It can detect different isotopes of the same element, which can also make it a versatile tool in Isotope labeling. This analytical technique can be used to measure these elements at low detection levels in solution samples.

This tool is known for its ability to detect metals and some non -metallic elements in liquid samples at very low concentrations. The ICP-MS accurately determines how much of a specific element is in the material analysed. In a typical quantitative analysis, the concentration of each element is determined by comparing the counts measured for a selected isotope to an external calibration curve that was generated for that element.

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CHNS/O elemental analysis, determines the percentage of Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Nitrogen (N), Sulfur (S) and Oxygen (O) present in a sample. The technique is reliable and cost-effective to assess the purity and chemical composition of compounds. It can be used on a wide range of different sample types including solid, liquid, volatile and viscous substances. It helps the analysts to determine the structure of sample substance by knowing the composition of the organic elements. The chemical characterization of organic compounds is useful in research as well as for quality control (QC).

Elemental analysis is a highly reliable analytical technique that is used in a wide range of applications across many different industries such as:
• Pharmaceuticals industry
• Material characterization industry
• Environmental industry
• Agricultural industry
• Food and animal feed industry
• Energy/ petrochemicals industry

CHNS/O elemental analysis is based on the combustion of the sample. Upon combustion, the sample generates uniform compound gases of the elements C, H, N and S. These combustion products are measured using gas chromatography and thus the ratio of the elements in the original sample is determined. C, H, N and S can all be determined simultaneously whereas O by pyrolysis.

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• To measure the angle of rotation caused by passing polarized
  light throughan optically active substance
• Some chemical substances are optically active, and polarized
  (uni-directional) light will rotate either to the left
  (counter-clockwise) or right (clockwise) when passed through
  these substances. The amount by which the light is rotated is
  known as the angle of rotation. The angle of rotation is
  basically known as observed angle

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Fourier Transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (FT-NMR) is an analytical technique used to analyse the structure of molecules range from a small organic molecule or metabolite, to a mid-sized peptide or a natural/synthetic product, all the way up to proteins of several tens of kDa in molecular weight.

Attached cryoprobe offers high sensitivity which allows measurement of minute amount of sample while triple resonance channel facilitate the NMR structure analysis of biological macromolecules.

NMR works based on magnetic properties which are called “Spin” in active nuclei such as Hydrogen and Carbon. A typical compound might consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

In its simplest form, an NMR experiment consists of three steps:
1. Place the sample in a static magnetic field.
2. Excite nuclei in the sample with a radio frequency pulse.
3. Measure the frequency of the signals emitted by the sample.
4. From the emitted frequencies, the information about the bonding and arrangement of the atoms in the sample is recorded as Free Induction Decay or FID. By using mathematical calculation, Fourier Transform, the FID data is converted to spectra.

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Fourier Transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (FT-NMR) is an analytical technique used to analyse the structure of molecules range from a small organic molecule or metabolite, to a mid-sized peptide or a natural/synthetic product based on the magnetic property of certain nuclei (e.g. 1H, 13C etc).

An NMR experiment consists of three steps:
1. Place the sample in a static magnetic field.
2. Excite nuclei in the sample with a radio frequency pulse.
3. Measure the frequency of the signals emitted by the sample.

From the emitted frequencies, the information about the bonding and arrangement of the atoms in the sample is recorded as Free Induction Decay or FID. By using mathematical calculation, Fourier Transform, the FID data is converted to spectra.

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• To analyse the functional groups and chemical bonds in molecules based
  on standard transmission, reflection and ATR imaging
• Equipped with imaging system to enhance the application technique to
  various research field which is capable to give the information about the
  spatial distribution of the component in mixture product, granule, tablet
  and thin layer. It also can trace presence of polymer, agglomerate and
  other contaminants

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Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is an instrumental technique, comprising a gas chromatograph (GC) coupled to a mass spectrometer (MS), by which complex mixtures of chemicals may be separated, identified and quantified. This makes it ideal for the analysis of the hundreds of relatively low molecular weight compounds found in environmental materials. In order for a compound to be analysed by GC-MS, it must be sufficiently volatile and thermally stable. In addition, functionalised compounds may require chemical modification (derivation), prior to analysis, to eliminate undesirable adsorption effects that would otherwise affect the quality of the data obtained. Samples are usually analysed as organic solutions consequently materials of interest (e.g. soils, sediments, tissues etc.) need to be solvent extracted and the extract subjected to various 'wet chemical' techniques before GC/MS analysis is possible.

The sample solution is injected into the GC inlet where it is vaporized and swept onto a chromatographic column by the carrier gas (usually helium). The sample flows through the column and the compounds comprising the mixture of interest are separated by virtue of their relative interaction with the coating of the column (stationary phase) and the carrier gas (mobile phase). The latter part of the column passes through a heated transfer line and ends at the entrance to ion source where compounds eluting from the column are converted to ions.
The next component is a mass analyser (filter), which separates the positively charged ions according to various mass related properties depending upon the analyser used. Several types of analyzer exist: quadrupoles, ion traps, magnetic sector, time-of-flight, radio frequency, cyclotron resonance and focusing to name a few. The most common are quadrupoles and ion traps. After the ions are separated they enter a detector the output from which is amplified to boost the signal. The detector sends information to a computer that records all of the data produced, converts the electrical impulses into visual displays and hard copy displays. In addition, the computer also controls the operation of the mass spectrometer.

For samples where the compounds of interest are trapped in complex or dirty matrices (such as blood, soil, or polymers), a Headspace Sampler is utilized to avoid injecting non-volatile material into the GC. This technique operates on the principle of partitioning equilibrium: a liquid or solid sample is sealed in a vial and heated to a constant temperature, causing volatile components to migrate into the gas phase (the "headspace") above the sample. Once equilibrium is reached, a precise volume of this vapor is extracted and injected into the GC inlet. This ensures that only the volatile analytes enter the chromatographic column, protecting the system from contamination and simplifying sample preparation by eliminating the need for tedious solvent extractions.

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